The Sell decision: Implications for psychological assessment and treatment.

This article describes 2 important practice considerations affirmed in the U.S. Supreme Court's Sell v. United States (2002) decision: (a) the importance of providing least restrictive services prior to interventions that violate patients' liberty interests, and (b) contextual and environmental factors may be considered in clinical determinations of dangerousness. The psychological treatment of behavior disorders fall within the purview of least restrictive or intrusive interventions compared with the involuntary administration of psychoactive medications. To legitimately comply with the least restrictive criterion, the provision of psychological services is essential. This long-held criterion is rarely acknowledged today as providers use restricted service arrays and attempt to resolve complex and co-occurring behavior problems with medications and restraints. Less restrictive psychological interventions are required for effective treatment of challenging behaviors. A 2nd significant implication lies in the court's affirmation that it is legitimate to consider contextual factors such as history and current environmental conditions in determining dangerousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

2005年我国生化药物临床应用

通过查阅2005年相关文献,介绍我国生化药物在临床方面的应用进展。     

Drug and alcohol use among drivers admitted to a Level-1 trauma center

The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence and prevalence of drug use, alcohol use, and the combination of drug and alcohol use among motor vehicle crash (MVC) victims admitted to a Level-1 trauma center. In a 90-day study, nearly two-thirds of trauma center admissions were victims of motor vehicle crashes. Blood and urine was collected from 168 MVC victims of whom 108 were identified as the driver in the crash. Toxicology results indicated that 65.7% of drivers tested positive for either commonly abused drugs or alcohol. More than half of the drivers tested positive for drugs (50.9%) other than alcohol, with one in four drivers testing positive for marijuana use. About one-third of those using drugs had also been drinking, but alcohol was detected in only 30.6% of all injured drivers. Within the total MVC patient pool, passenger drug/alcohol use was equivalent to the driver population; however, injured pedestrians had higher rates of alcohol only than other MVC victims. There were no significant differences in drug and alcohol use between MVCs and trauma admissions of other causes. Of the patients with positive toxicology results, less than half (42%) were referred for evaluation for substance abuse disorders.     

Effects of meprobamate and prochlorperasine on positive and negative conditioning.

The comparative effect of 2 tranquilizing drugs (miltown and thorazine) upon conditioning in normal adults was investigated. Conditioning involved GSR to a noxious (shock) and positive (sexually stimulating picture) stimulus. Both tranquilizers were observed to be ineffective in affecting classical conditioning procedures when the noxious UCS was used. Only miltown effected conditioning in the predicted direction when the positive UCS was used. The results are related to the differential effect of each tranquilizer upon the nervous system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychotropics, Consultation, and Psychology.

The status of psychology in national health insurance is clouded in the minds of some Washington planners because the independent practice of psychology is identified with fee-for-service payment mechanisms, active treatment is identified with drug therapy rather than psychotherapy, and planners are unfamiliar with the nature and the scope of the practice of psychologists. Also, some feel that psychology is not equivalent in practice to psychiatry because psychologists are not integrated into the medical community and because psychologists do not prescribe drugs. These criticisms seem unfounded, since physicians and psychologists have regular consultations and psychologists see many patients who have previously been treated with psychotropic medications. Further, clinical experience indicates frequent therapeutic success by reducing or discontinuing medication rather than placing patients on psychotropics. Accordingly, a questionnaire was sent to the 87 members of the Cleveland Academy of Consulting Psychologists (CACP), requesting information concerning the prescribing of psychotropics and records of interprofessional consultations. The results are provided here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

尸体脏器中混合碱性药物及其主要代谢物的毛细柱GC／MS检验

本文详细介绍了尸体脏器中吩噻嗪类、苯骈二氮杂类等混合碱性药物的毛细柱ＧＣ／ＭＳ检验方法，并对药物代谢物及其提取方法进行了讨论。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定减肥食品中55种非法添加物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定减肥类食品中55种非法添加物的分析方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取后,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ RRHD色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正负离子扫描条件下,采用动态多反应监测模式监测。结果 55种非法添加药物在相应的线性范围内均呈现良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,平均回收率75.2%～121.6%,相对标准偏差<12%,各化学药物的检测限在0.02～1.25μg/g。应用该方法对50批样品进行了检测,其中有38批次样品检出托拉塞米、大黄素、西布曲明、N-单去甲基西布曲明、N,N-双去甲基西布曲明、比沙可啶、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、氢氯噻嗪、氟西汀等非法添加物。结论 该方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确、高效,兼具定性定量检测的优点,可用于食品中减肥类化学药物的高通量检测。     

Chemical safety of meat and meat products

Since the Second World War the consumer behaviour in developed countries changed drastically. Primarily there existed the demand for sufficient food after a period of starvation, afterwards the desire for higher quality was arising, whereas today most people ask for safe and healthy food with high quality. Therefore a united approach comprising consistent standards, sound science and robust controls is required to ensure consumers' health and to maintain consumers' confidence and satisfaction. Chemical analysis along the whole food chain downstream (tracking) from primary production to the consumer and upstream (tracing) from the consumer to primary production is an important prerequisite to ensure food safety and quality. In this frame the focus of the following paper is the “chemical safety of meat and meat products” taking into account inorganic as well as organic residues and contaminants, the use of nitrite in meat products, the incidence of veterinary drugs, as well as a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) system assessing (prioritizing) vulnerable food chain steps to decrease or eliminate vulnerability.     

创新药物产业化的研究与探讨

创新是生存和发展的动力,医药产业的发展同样也离不开不断的创新。医药产业巨大的经济效益在未来注定依赖创新药物产业化的发展和完善。将围绕中国创新药物产业化展开。从创新药物的研发过程,研究管理以及产业化的市场策略等方面,对我国医药产业中创新药物的发展方向给出建设性意见,为医药产业的健康,快速发展提供了一条可行的道路。     

手性药物的液相色谱分析

手性药物的HPLC分析是药物分析中较新的研究领域,综述了近年来手性药物色谱分离的研究进展。对手性衍生化试剂法和手性固定相法的分离机理、检测方法、试剂种类和应用等作了介绍。